I managed to get the kernel module installed [...]
[...]
[drm] failed to load kernel module "fglrx"
(II) fglrx(0): [drm] drmOpen failed
(EE) fglrx(0): DRIScreenInit failed!
(WW) fglrx(0): ***********************************************
(WW) fglrx(0): * DRI initialization failed! *
(WW) fglrx(0): * (maybe driver kernel module missing or bad) *
(WW) fglrx(0): * 2D acceleraton available (MMIO) *
(WW) fglrx(0): * no 3D acceleration available *
(WW) fglrx(0): ********************************************* *
As the log says: "maybe driver kernel module missing or bad". If the
module is actually installed, this means that it couldn't be loaded.
Shut down X, or even better reboot your system into single user mode to
make sure that X was never loaded. Then go to a text console and type
modprobe fglrx
and report what it says.